USB flash drive

A USB flash drive consists of a NAND-type flash memory data storage device integrated with a USB (universal serial bus) interface. USB flash drives are typically removable and rewritable, much smaller than a floppy disk (1 to 4 inches or 2.5 to 10 cm), and most USB flash drives weigh less than an ounce (28g). Storage capacities typically range from 64 MB to 128 GB with steady improvements in size and price per gigabyte. Some allow 1 million write or erase cycles and have 10-year data retention, connected by USB 1.1 or USB 2.0.

USB flash drives offer potential advantages over other portable storage devices, particularly the floppy disk. They have a more compact shape, operate faster, hold much more data, have a more durable design, and operate more reliably due to their lack of moving parts. Additionally, it has become increasingly common for computers to be sold without floppy disk drives. USB ports, on the other hand, appear on almost every current mainstream PC and laptop. These types of drives use the USB mass storage standard, supported natively by modern operating systems such as Windows, Mac OS X, Linux, and other Unix-like systems. USB drives with USB 2.0 support can also operate faster than an optical disc drive, while storing a larger amount of data in a much smaller space.

Nothing actually moves in a flash drive: the term drive persists because computers read and write flash-drive data using the same system commands as for a mechanical disk drive, with the storage appearing to the computer operating system and user interface as just another drive.

A flash drive consists of a small printed circuit board protected inside a plastic, metal, or rubberised case, robust enough for carrying with no additional protection—in a pocket or on a key chain, for example. The USB connector is protected by a removable cap or by retracting into the body of the drive, although it is not liable to be damaged if exposed. Most flash drives use a standard type-A USB connection allowing plugging into a port on a personal computer.

Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pen_drive

Gantt chart

A Gantt chart is a type of bar chart that illustrates a project schedule. Gantt charts illustrate the start and finish dates of the terminal elements and summary elements of a project. Terminal elements and summary elements comprise the work breakdown structure of the project. Some Gantt charts also show the dependency (i.e, precedence network) relationships between activities. Gantt charts can be used to show current schedule status using percent-complete shadings and a vertical "TODAY" line as shown here.

In the 1980s, personal computers eased the creation and editing of elaborate Gantt charts. These desktop applications were intended mainly for project managers and project schedulers. In the late 1990s and early 2000s, Gantt charts became a common feature of web-based applications, including collaborative groupware. Although now regarded as a common charting technique, Gantt charts were considered revolutionary when they were introduced. In recognition of Henry Gantt's contributions, the Henry Laurence Gantt Medal is awarded for distinguished achievement in management and in community service. This chart is used also in Information Technology to represent data that has been collected.
Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gantt_chart

PERT

The Program (or Project) Evaluation and Review Technique, commonly abbreviated PERT, is a model for project management designed to analyze and represent the tasks involved in completing a given project.

Complex projects require a series of activities, some of which must be performed sequentially and others that can be performed in parallel with other activities. This collection of series and parallel tasks can be modeled as a network.

In 1957 the Critical Path Method (CPM) was developed as a network model for project management. CPM is a deterministic method that uses a fixed time estimate for each activity. While CPM is easy to understand and use, it does not consider the time variations that can have a great impact on the completion time of a complex project.

The Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) is a network model that allows for randomness in activity completion times. PERT was developed in the late 1950's for the U.S. Navy's Polaris project having thousands of contractors. It has the potential to reduce both the time and cost required to complete a project.

Source:http://www.netmba.com/operations/project/pert/

List of ISO standards

This is a list of ISO standards that are discussed in Wikipedia articles. For a list of all the more than 16,000 ISO standards (as of 2007), see the ISO Catalogue.

About 300 of the standards produced by ISO and IEC's Joint Technical Committee 1 (JTC1) have been made freely/publicly available.

ISO 1–ISO 999

ISO 1 Standard reference temperature for geometrical product specification and verification
ISO 2 Textiles -- Designation of the direction of twist in yarns and related products
ISO 3 Preferred numbers
ISO 4 Rules for the abbreviation of title words and titles of publications
ISO 7 Pipe threads where pressure-tight joints are made on the threads
ISO 9 Information and documentation — Transliteration of Cyrillic characters into Roman characters — Slavic and non-Slavic languages
ISO 16:1975 Acoustics — Standard tuning frequency (Standard musical pitch)
ISO 31 Quantities and units
ISO 65 Certification bodies operating a product certification system
ISO 68-1 Basic profile of metric screw threads
ISO 128 Technical drawings -- General principles of presentation
ISO 216 paper sizes, e.g. the A4 paper size
ISO 226 Phon based on Fletcher-Munson curves 
ISO 226:2003 Phon based on newer Equal-loudness contours
ISO 228-1: Pipe threads where pressure-tight joints are not made on the threads — Part 1: Dimensions, tolerances and designation.
ISO 233:1984 Transliteration of Arabic characters into Roman characters 
ISO 233-2:1993 Transliteration of Arabic characters into Roman characters — Part 2: Arabic language — Simplified transliteration
ISO 259:1984 Documentation — Transliteration of Hebrew characters into Roman characters 
ISO 259-2:1994 Transliteration of Hebrew characters into Roman characters — Part 2: Simplified transliteration
ISO 261 General purpose metric screw threads. General plan.
ISO 262 Selected metric-screw-thread sizes for screws, bolts, and nuts
ISO 500 Agricultural tractors — Rear-mounted power take-off
ISO 639 Codes for the representation of names of languages 
ISO 639-1 Codes for the representation of names of languages — Part 1: Alpha-2 code
ISO 639-2 Codes for the representation of names of languages — Part 2: Alpha-3 code
ISO 639-3 Codes for the representation of names of languages — Part 3: Alpha-3 code for comprehensive coverage of languages
ISO 639-5
ISO/IEC 646 internationalized 7 bit ASCII variants
ISO 657 Hot-rolled steel sections
ISO 668 Specification for Shipping Containers
ISO 690 bibliographic references
ISO 732 Photography — 120-size and 220-size films — Dimensions
ISO 764 Horology -- Magnetic resistant watches
ISO 838 Standard for punching filing holes into paper
ISO 843:1997 Conversion of Greek characters into Roman characters
ISO 965 General purpose metric screw threads — Tolerances 
ISO 965-1 Principles and basic data
ISO 965-2 Limits of sizes for general purpose external and internal screw threads.
ISO 965-3 Deviations for constructional screw threads
ISO 965-4 Limits of sizes for hot-dip galvanized external screw threads to mate with internal screw threads tapped with tolerance position H or G after galvanizing
ISO 965-5 Limits of sizes for internal screw threads to mate with hot-dip galvanized external screw threads with maximum size of tolerance position h before galvanizing
ISO 999 Guidelines for the content, organization, and presentation of indexes

[edit]
ISO 1000–ISO 9999
ISO 1000 SI units and recommendations for the use of their multiples and of certain other units
ISO 1004 Magnetic ink character recognition
ISO 1007 135 film format
ISO/IEC 1539 Fortran programming language
ISO 1629 Establishes a system of terms and nomenclature for polymers
ISO 1745 Information processing – Basic mode control procedures for data communication systems
ISO/IEC 2022 Information technology: Character code structure and extension techniques
ISO 2108 International standard book numbering (ISBN)
ISO 2145 Numbering of divisions and subdivisions in written documents
ISO 2171 Cereals and milled cereal products — Determination of total ash
ISO 2281 Water-resistant watches
ISO 2533 Standard Atmosphere
ISO 2709 Format for information exchange (e.g. MARC)
ISO 3029 126 film format
ISO 3082 Iron ores — Sampling and sample preparation procedures
ISO 3103 Method of brewing tea for the purpose of sensory tests
ISO 3166 codes for countries and subdivisions 
ISO 3166-1 codes for country and dependent area names, first published in 1974 
ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 two-letter country codes
ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 three-letter country codes
ISO 3166-1 numeric
ISO 3166-2 principal subdivisions of a country or dependent area.
ISO 3166-3 superseded ISO 3166-1 codes, first published in 1998.
ISO 3297 International standard serial number (ISSN)
ISO 3506 Mechanical properties of corrosion-resistant stainless steel fasteners.
ISO 3536 Road vehicles -- Safety glazing materials -- Vocabulary
ISO 3537 Road vehicles -- Safety glazing materials -- Mechanical tests
ISO 3538 Road vehicles -- Safety glazing materials -- Method for the determination of solar transmittance
ISO 3601 Fluid power systems -- O-rings 
ISO 3601-1 Inside diameters, cross-sections, tolerances and size identification code (Recently updated)
ISO 3601-2 Housing dimensions for general applications (Recently updated)
ISO 3601-4 Anti-extrusion rings (back-up rings) (Recently updated)
ISO 3602 Romanization of Japanese
ISO 3632 Quality of Saffron
ISO 3635:1981 Size designation of clothes — Definitions and body measurement procedure
ISO 3864 Safety labels
ISO 3901 International Standard Recording Code (ISRC)
ISO 3977 Design and procurement standards for gas turbine system applications
ISO 4157 Subdivision of construction works 
ISO 4157-1: buildings and part of buildings
ISO 4157-2: room numbers
ISO 4157-3: room identifiers
ISO 4179 Ductile iron pipes and fittings for pressure and non-pressure pipelines -- Cement mortar lining
ISO 4217 Currency codes
ISO 4628 Paints and varnishes -- Evaluation of degradation of coatings -- Designation of quantity and size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance 
ISO 4628-1 : General introduction and designation system
ISO 4628-3 : Assessment of degree of rusting
ISO/IEC 4873:1991 8-bit code for information interchange
ISO 5167 Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure differential devices inserted in circular cross-section conduits running full 
ISO 5167-1 Part 1: General principles and requirements
ISO 5167-2 Part 2: Orifice plates
ISO 5167-3 Part 3: Nozzles and Venturi nozzles
ISO 5167-4 Part 4: Venturi tubes
ISO 5218 Representation of human sexes
ISO 5455 Technical drawings: scales
ISO 5775 Bicycle tyres and rims
ISO 5800 Photographic Film speed
ISO 5964 Guidelines for the Establishment and Development of Multilingual Thesauri
ISO 5971:1981 Size designation of clothes — Pantyhose
ISO 6166 structure of an International Securities Identifying Number (ISIN)
ISO 6194 Rotary-shaft lip-type seals incorporating elastomeric sealing elements 
ISO 6194-5 Identification of visual imperfections
ISO 6344 Coated abrasives — Grain size analysis 
ISO 6344-1 Part 1: Grain size distribution test
ISO 6344-2 Part 2: Determination of grain size distribution of macrogrits P12 to P220
ISO 6344-3 Part 3: Determination of grain size distribution of microgrits P240 to P2500
ISO 6429 Information technology: Control functions for coded character sets
ISO 6438 Documentation — African coded character set for bibliographic information interchange
ISO 6594 Cast iron drainage pipes and fittings -- Spigot series
ISO 6709 Standard representation of latitude, longitude and altitude for geographic point locations
ISO 6946 Building components and building elements — Thermal resistance and thermal transmittance — Calculation method
ISO 7001 Public Information Symbols
ISO 7002 Agricultural food products — Layout for a standard method of sampling from a lot
ISO 7098 Romanization of Chinese
ISO 7372 Trade data interchange
ISO/IEC 7501-1:1997 Identification cards — Machine readable travel documents (Part 1: Machine readable passport; Part 2: Machine readable visa; Part 3: Machine readable official travel documents)
ISO 7736 Car radio installation space
ISO/IEC 7810 Identification cards — Physical characteristics
ISO/IEC 7811 Identification cards — Recording technique
ISO/IEC 7812 Identification cards -- Identification of issuers
ISO/IEC 7813 Information technology -- Identification cards -- Financial transaction cards
ISO/IEC 7816 Identification cards -- Integrated circuit cards
ISO/IEC 7942 Graphical Kernel System
ISO 8090 Cycles — Terminology
ISO 8180 Ductile iron pipelines — Polyethylene sleeving for site application
ISO 8373 Manipulating Industrial Robots — Vocabulary
ISO 8402 Quality Management and Quality Assurance - Vocabulary
ISO 8501-1 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products
ISO 8555 Environmental management systems.
ISO 8559:1989 Garment construction and anthropometric surveys — Body dimensions
ISO 8583 Financial transaction card originated messages — Interchange message specifications 
ISO 8583-1 Part 1: Messages, data elements and code values
ISO 8583-2 Part 2: Application and registration procedures for Institution Identification Codes (IIC)
ISO 8583-3 Part 3: Maintenance procedures for messages, data elements and code values
ISO 8601 Date and time representation
ISO/IEC 8613 Open Document Architecture
ISO/IEC 8632 Computer Graphics Metafile
ISO 8651 Graphical Kernel System language bindings
ISO/IEC 8652: Information technology — Programming languages — Ada
ISO 8805 Graphical Kernel System for Three Dimensions and the C language bindings are ISO 8806.
ISO 8806-4 Graphical Kernel System for Three Dimensions, C language bindings
ISO 8807: Language Of Temporal Ordering Specification (LOTOS)
ISO/IEC 8824 Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1)
ISO/IEC 8825 ASN.1 Encoding Rules
ISO 8859 8-bit coded character sets 
ISO 8859-1 Latin-1
ISO 8859-2 Latin-2
ISO 8859-3 Latin-3 or "South European"
ISO 8859-4 Latin-4 or "North European"
ISO 8859-5 Cyrillic
ISO 8859-6 Arabic
ISO 8859-7 Greek
ISO 8859-8 Hebrew
ISO 8859-9 Latin-5
ISO 8859-10 Latin-6, rearrangement of 8859-4
ISO 8859-11 Thai
ISO 8859-13 Latin-7 or "Baltic Rim"
ISO 8859-14 Latin-8 or "Celtic"
ISO 8859-15 Latin-9, revision of 8859-1
ISO 8859-16 Latin-10 South-Eastern European languages and others
ISO 8879 Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML)
ISO 9000 Quality management system in production environments
ISO 9001 Quality management
ISO 9069 SGML support facilities — SGML Document Interchange Format (SDIF)
ISO/IEC 9075 SQL
ISO 9126 Software quality model
ISO 9141 Network interconnection of computers in a vehicle 
ISO 9141-2 OBD-II standard, aka 9141 CARB standard
ISO 9241 Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals
ISO 9362 Bank Identifier Code or BIC system
ISO 9407 Shoe sizes
ISO/IEC 9541 Information technology — Font information interchange 
ISO/IEC 9541-1:1991 Information technology — Font information interchange — Part 1: Architecture
ISO/IEC 9541-2:1991 Information technology — Font information interchange — Part 2: Interchange Format
ISO/IEC 9541-3:1994 Information technology — Font information interchange — Part 3: Glyph shape representation
ISO 9564 Banking — Personal Identification Number (PIN) management and security (in ATM and POS systems)
ISO/IEC 9579 Remote database access for SQL
ISO 9592, ISO 9593 PHIGS (Programmer's Hierarchical Interactive Graphics System)
ISO 9660 CD-ROM file system
ISO/IEC 9796 Information technology — Security techniques — Digital signature schemes giving message recovery
ISO/IEC 9797 Information technology — Security techniques — Message Authentication Codes (MACs)
ISO/IEC 9798 Information technology — Security techniques — Entity authentication
ISO 9869 Thermal insulation — Building elements — In-situ measurements of thermal resistance and thermal transmittance
ISO 9899 C programming language
ISO/IEC 9945 Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX)
ISO 9984 Conversion of Georgian characters into Roman characters
ISO 9985 Conversion of Armenian characters into Roman characters
ISO 9992:1999 Financial transaction cards — Security architecture of financial transaction systems using integrated circuit cards
ISO 9999 Technical aids for persons with disabilities. Classification and terminology


ISO 10000–ISO 19999
ISO 10006 Quality management — Guidelines to quality in project management
ISO 10007 Quality management — Guidelines for configuration management
ISO 10012 Measurement management systems — Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment
ISO/IEC 10021 Message Oriented Text Interchange Systems (MOTIS)
ISO/IEC 10026 Open Systems Interconnection
ISO 10077 Thermal performance of windows, doors and shutters — Calculation of thermal transmittance
ISO/IEC 10089 Information technology; 130 mm rewritable optical disk cartridge for information interchange — 650 MB per cartridge
ISO 10160 Interlibrary Loan Application Service Definition — defines terminology used in interlibrary loan
ISO 10161 Interlibrary Loan Application Protocol
ISO/IEC 10179:1996 Document Style Semantics and Specification Language (DSSSL)
ISO 10202:1991 Financial transaction cards — Security architecture of financial transaction systems using integrated circuit cards
ISO 10206 Extended Pascal (programming language)
ISO 10211 Thermal bridges in building construction — Heat flows and surface temperatures — Detailed calculations
ISO 10279 BASIC programming language
ISO 10303 Industrial automation systems and integration — Product data representation and exchange. Known as STEP, STandard for the Exchange of Product data
ISO 10383 Securities and related financial instruments — Codes for exchanges and market identification (MIC)
ISO 10487 Connections for passenger car stereos
ISO 10628 Flow diagrams for process plants
ISO 10646 Universal Character Set (equivalent to Unicode's character set)
ISO 10664 Hexalobular internal driving feature for bolts and screws — Torx screw head
ISO 10957 Information and documentation — International Standard Music Number (ISMN)
ISO 10962 Securities and related financial instruments — Classification of Financial Instruments (CFI code)
ISO 10993 Biological Evaluation of medical devices 
ISO 10993-1:2008 Evaluation and testing within a risk management system
ISO 10993-2: Animal welfare requirements.
ISO 10993-3: tests for genotoxicity, carcinogenicity and reproductive toxicity.
ISO 10993-4: Selection of tests for interactions with blood.
ISO 10993-5: Test for in vitro cytotoxicity
ISO 10993-6:2007 Tests for local effects after implantation.
ISO 10993-7:2008 Ethylene oxide sterilization residuals
ISO 10993-8:
ISO 10993-9:2007 Framework for identification and quantification of potential degradation products.
ISO 10993-10: Tests for irritation and sensitisation
ISO 10993-11: Tests for irritation systemic toxicity
ISO 10993-12:2007 Sample preparation and reference materials.
ISO 10993-13: Identification and Quantification of degradation products from polymeric medical devices.
ISO 10993-14: Identification and Quantification of degradation products from ceramics.
ISO 10993-15: Identification and quantification of degradation products from un-coated or coated metals and alloys.
ISO 10993-16: Toxicokinetic study design for degradation products and leachables.
ISO 10993-17: Methods for the establishment of allowable limits for leachable substances using health - based risk assessment.
ISO 10993-18: Chemical characterisation of materials.
ISO 10993-19: Physico-chemical, morphological and topographical characterization of materials
ISO 10993-20:2006 Principles and methods for immunotoxicology testing of medical devices
ISO 11064 Ergonomic Design of Control Centres 
ISO 11062-1:2000 Part 1: Principles for the design of control centres
ISO 11062-2:2000 Part 2: Principles for the arrangement of control suites
ISO 11062-3:1999 Part 3: Control room layout ISO 11064-3:1999/Cor 1:2002
ISO 11062-3:2004 Part 4: Layout and dimensions of workstations
ISO 11062-3:2005 Part 6: Environmental requirements for control centres
ISO/IEC 11172 MPEG-1
ISO 11170:2003 Hydraulic fluid power — Filter elements — Sequence of tests for verifying performance characteristics
ISO/IEC 11179 Information Technology — Metadata Registries (MDR) 
ISO/IEC 11179-1:2004 Part 1: Framework
ISO/IEC 11179-2:2005 Part 2: Classification
ISO/IEC 11179-3:2003 Part 3: Registry metamodel and basic attributes
ISO/IEC 11179-4:2004 Part 4: Formulation of data definitions
ISO/IEC 11179-5:2005 Part 5: Naming and identification principles
ISO/IEC 11179-6:2005 Part 6: Registration
ISO 11180 Postal addressing
ISO/IEC 11404:1996 Language-independent datatypes (See also General purpose datatypes)
ISO 11446:2004 Connectors for the electrical connection of towing and towed vehicles -- 13-pole connectors for vehicles with 12 V nominal supply voltage
ISO 11469:2000 Plastics -- Generic identification and marking of plastics products
ISO 11521 Replaced by ISO 15022
ISO/IEC 11578:1996 Information technology — Open Systems Interconnection — Remote procedure call (RPC)
ISO 11783 aka. IsoBus — J1939-based communication protocol for the agriculture industry.
ISO/IEC 11801 Information technology — Generic cabling for customer premises
ISO 11898 Road vehicles — Controller area network (CAN)
ISO 12006 Building construction. Organization of information about construction works.
ISO 13239 High-level data link control (HDLC) procedures
ISO/IEC 13249 SQL multimedia and application packages
ISO/IEC 13250 Topic map
ISO 13346 Volume and file structure of write-once and rewritable media, which UDF is based on.
ISO 13370 Thermal performance of buildings — Heat transfer via the ground — Calculation methods
ISO 13406 Ergonomic requirements for work with visual displays based on flat panels 
ISO 13406-1:1999 Part 1: Introduction
ISO 13406-2:1002 Part 2: Ergonomic requirements for flat panel displays
ISO 13407:1999 Human-centred design processes for interactive systems
ISO 13450 110 film format
ISO 13485:2003 Medical Devices - Quality management systems - Requirements for regulatory purposes.
ISO 13490 Information technology: Volume and file structure of read-only and write-once compact disk media for information interchange
ISO 13567/1 to 3 Technical product documentation; Organization and naming of layers for Computer-aided design (CAD)
ISO/IEC 13568:2002 Information Technology — Z Formal Specification Notation — Syntax, Type System and Semantics
ISO 13616 Bank Account Numbers (IBAN)
ISO 13849-1 Safety of machinery, Safety related parts of control systems, General principles for design
ISO/IEC 13818 MPEG-2
ISO 13837 Road vehicles -- Safety glazing materials -- Method for the determination of solar transmittance
ISO 14000 Environmental Management Standards in production environments
ISO 14001 Environmental Management
ISO 14064 Greenhouse Gases
ISO 14230 Road vehicles — Diagnostic systems — Keyword Protocol 2000 
ISO 14230-1 Physical layer
ISO 14230-2 Data link layer
ISO 14230-3 Application layer
ISO 14230-4 Requirements for emission-related systems
ISO/IEC 14443 Identification cards — Contactless integrated circuit(s) cards — Proximity cards
ISO/IEC 14496 MPEG-4
ISO 14644 Standards Cleanrooms and associated controlled environments 
ISO 14644-1:1999 Classification of Air Cleanliness
ISO 14644-2:2000 Testing and Monitoring to prove Compliance
ISO 14644-3:2005 Metrology & Test Methods
ISO 14644-4:2001 Design, Construction and Start-up
ISO 14644-5:2004 Operations
ISO 14644-6:2007 Vocabulary
ISO 14644-7:2004 Separative Devices
ISO 14644-8:2006 Classification of Airborne Molecular Contamination
ISO 14644-9 Clean Surfaces
ISO 14651 Information technology: International string ordering and comparison
ISO 14698 Standards 
ISO-14698-1 Bio-contamination Control — General Principles
ISO-14698-2 Evaluation & Interpretation of Bio-contamination Data
ISO 14750 Information technology — Open Distributed Processing — Interface Definition Language
ISO/IEC 14755 Input methods to enter unicode characters from ISO/IEC 10646
ISO 14855-1:2005 Aerobic Biodegradation under controlled composting conditions
ISO 14855-2:2007 Aerobic Biodegradation under controlled composting conditions with gravimetric measurement of carbon dioxid
ISO/IEC 14882 Programming Languages — C++
ISO 14915 Software ergonomics for multimedia user interfaces 
ISO 14915-1:2002 Part 1: Design principles and framework
ISO 14915-2:2003 Part 2: Multimedia navigation and control
ISO 14915-3:2002 Part 3: Media selection and combination
ISO 14971:2007 Medical Devices — Application Of Risk Management To Medical Devices
ISO/IEC 14977 Extended Backus-Naur Form (EBNF)
ISO 15000 Electronic business eXtensible Markup Language ebXML 
ISO 15000-1:2004 Part 1: Collaboration-protocol profile and agreement specification (ebCPP)
ISO 15000-2:2004 Part 2: Message service specification (ebMS)
ISO 15000-3:2004 Part 3: Registry information model specification (ebRIM)
ISO 15000-4:2004 Part 4: Registry services specification (ebRS)
ISO 15000-5:2005 Part 5: ebXML Core Components Technical Specification, Version 2.01(ebCCTS)
ISO 15022 Securities: Scheme for messages(Data Field Dictionary)
ISO 15082 Road vehicles -- Tests for rigid plastic safety glazing materials
ISO 15099 Thermal performance of windows, doors and shading devices — Detailed calculations
ISO 15112 Natural gas -- Energy determination
ISO 15189 Medical laboratories — Particular requirements for quality and competence
ISO 15288 Systems engineering — System life cycle processes
ISO 15289 Systems and software engineering — Content of systems and software life cycle process information products (Documentation)
ISO/IEC 15291: Information technology — Programming languages — Ada Semantic Interface Specification (ASIS)
ISO 15403 Natural gas -- Natural gas for use as a compressed fuel for vehicles 
ISO 15403-1 Designation of the quality
ISO/IEC 15408 Common Criteria — Evaluation Criteria for Information Technology Security
ISO/IEC 15434 2D Data Matrix barcode
ISO/IEC 15444 JPEG 2000
ISO/IEC 15445:2000 ISO HTML, a subset of Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) 4
ISO/IEC 15504 Framework for the assessment of software processes, also known as SPICE (Software Process Improvement and Capability Determination).
ISO 15614-13:2002 Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials-Welding procedure test
ISO 15686 Service life planning for constructive works in 10 parts
ISO 15693 Transponders
ISO 15706 International Standard Audiovisual Number
ISO 15707 International Standard Musical Work Code
ISO 15836 The Dublin Core metadata element set
ISO 15897 Standard for the registration of new POSIX locales and POSIX charmaps
ISO 15924 Codes for the representation of names of scripts
ISO 15930 Portable Document Format (PDF)
ISO/IEC 15948:2003 Portable Network Graphics (PNG)
ISO 15970 Natural gas -- Measurement of properties -- Volumetric properties: density, pressure, temperature and compression factor
ISO 15971 Natural gas. Measurement of properties. Calorific value and Wobbe index
ISO/IEC 16500 Generic Digital Audio-Visual Systems DAVIC
ISO 16071:2003 Ergonomics of human-system interaction, Guidance on accessibility for human-computer interfaces
ISO 16134 Earthquake- and subsidence-resistant design of ductile iron pipelines
ISO 16232 Road vehicles -- Cleanliness of components of fluid circuits 
ISO 16232-8 Particle nature determination by microscopic analysis
ISO 16232-9 Particle sizing and counting by automatic light extinction particle counter
ISO 16232-10 Expression of results
ISO/IEC 16262 ECMAScript
ISO 16549 Textiles -- Unevenness of textile strands -- Capacitance method
ISO 16750 Road vehicles — Environmental conditions and testing for electrical and electronics equipment.
ISO/TS 16949 Quality management systems — Particular requirements for the application of ISO 9001:2000 for automotive production and relevant service part organizations
ISO 16982:2002 Ergonomics of human-system interaction, Usability methods supporting human-centred design
ISO/IEC 17024:2003 specifies requirements for a body certifying persons against specific requirements, including the development and maintenance of a certification scheme for personnel
ISO/IEC 17025:2005 General requirements for competence of test and calibration laboratories
ISO 17202 Textiles -- Determination of twist in single spun yarns -- Untwist/retwist method
ISO 17776 : Petroleum industries
ISO/IEC 17799 Information technology: Code of practice for information security management
ISO/IEC 17894 Ships and marine technology — Computer applications — General principles for development and use of PES in marine applications
ISO/IEC 18000 Information Technology AIDC Techniques-RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) for Item Management - Air Interface 
18000-1 Part 1 – Generic Parameters for the Air Interface for Globally Accepted Frequencies
18000-2 Part 2 – Parameters for Air Interface Communications below 135 kHz
18000-3 Part 3 – Parameters for Air Interface Communications at 13.56 MHz
18000-4 Part 4 – Parameters for Air Interface Communications at 2.45 GHz
18000-5 Part 5 – Parameters for Air Interface Communications at 5.8 GHz (Withdrawn)
18000-6 Part 6 – Parameters for Air Interface Communications at 860 to 960 MHz
18000-7 Part 7 – Parameters for Air Interface Communications at 433 MHz
ISO/IEC 18004: QR Code Standardization
ISO/IEC 18009: Information technology — Programming languages — Ada: Conformity assessment of a language processor (ACATS)
ISO/IEC 18023:2006(E) Information technology - SEDRIS - 
ISO/IEC 18023-1:2006(E) Information technology - SEDRIS - Part 1: Functional specification
ISO/IEC 18023-2:2006(E) Information technology - SEDRIS - Part 2: Abstract transmittal format
ISO/IEC 18023-3:2006(E) Information technology - SEDRIS - Part 3: Transmittal format binary encoding
ISO/IEC 18024-4:2006(E) Information technology - SEDRIS language bindings - Part 4: C
ISO/IEC 18025:2005(E) Information technology - Environmental Data Coding Specification (EDCS)
ISO/IEC 18026:2006(E) Information technology - Spatial Reference Model (SRM)
ISO/IEC 18033 Information technology — Security techniques — Encryption algorithms 
Part 1: General
Part 2: Asymmetric ciphers
Part 3: Block ciphers
Part 4: Stream ciphers
ISO/IEC 18041-4:2005(E) Information technology - EDCS language bindings - Part 4: C
ISO/IEC 18042-4:2006(E) Information technology - Spatial Reference Model (SRM) language bindings - Part 4: C
ISO 18152:2003 Ergonomics of human-system interaction, Specification for the process assessment of human-system issues
ISO 18185: Wireless standard for electronic seals using active RFID (Radio Frequency Identification)
ISO 18245 standard concerning the assignment of Merchant Category Codes (MCC) in retail financial services
ISO 18529:2000 Ergonomics of human-system interaction, Human-centred lifecycle process descriptions (available in English only)
ISO 18629 standardized Process Specification Language (PSL).
ISO 19005 PDF
ISO 19011 standard providing guidelines for quality and environmental management systems auditing
ISO 19092-1 Financial Services — Security — Part 1: Security framework
ISO 19092-2 Financial Services — Security — Part 2: Message syntax and cryptographic requirements
ISO 19101 Geographic Information: Reference model
ISO 19105 Geographic Information: Conformance and testing
ISO 19107 Geographic Information: Spatial schema
ISO 19108 Geographic Information: Temporal schema
ISO 19109 Geographic Information: Rules for Application Schema
ISO 19110 Geographic Information: Feature cataloguing methodology
ISO 19111 Geographic Information: Spatial referencing by coordinates
ISO 19111 Geographic Information: Spatial referencing by identifier
ISO 19113 Geographic Information: Quality principles
ISO 19114 Geographic Information: Quality evaluation procedures
ISO 19115 Geographic Information: Metadata
ISO 19123 Geographic Information: Coverage schema
ISO 19128 Geographic Information: Web Map Service
ISO 19131 Geographic Information: Data product specification
ISO 19136 Geographic Information: Geography Markup Language
ISO/IEC 19501 Unified Modeling Language (UML)
ISO/IEC 19502 Meta-Object Facility (MOF)
ISO/IEC 19503 XML Metadata Interchange (XMI)
ISO/IEC 19757 Document Schema Definition Languages (DSDL) 
ISO/IEC FDIC 19757-2 Regular-grammar-based validation RELAX NG
ISO/IEC 19757-3 Rule-based validation — Schematron
ISO/IEC 19757-4 Namespace-based Validation Dispatching Language (NVDL)
ISO/IEC 19770 Information technology — Software asset management
ISO/IEC 19790 Security requirements for cryptographic modules (see also FIPS 140)
ISO/IEC 19794 Information technology - Biometric data interchange formats 
ISO/IEC 19794-1:2006 Part 1: Framework
ISO/IEC 19794-2:2005 Part 2: Finger minutiae data
ISO/IEC 19794-3:2006 Part 3: Finger pattern spectral data
ISO/IEC 19794-4:2005 Part 4: Finger image data
ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005 Part 5: Face image data
ISO/IEC 19794-6:2005 Part 6: Iris image data
ISO/IEC 19794-7:2007 Part 7: Signature/sign time series data
ISO/IEC 19794-8:2006 Part 8: Finger pattern skeletal data
ISO/IEC 19794-9:2007 Part 9: Vascular image data
ISO/IEC 19794-10:2007 Part 10: Hand geometry silhouette data

ISO 20000–ISO 29999
ISO/IEC 20000:2005 IT Service Management System (based on BS15000)
ISO 20022 Financial Services — universal financial industry message scheme
ISO/IEC TR 20943 Information technology — Procedures for achieving metadata registry content consistency 
ISO/IEC TR 20943-1:2003 Part 1: Data elements
ISO/IEC TR 20943-3:2004 Part 3: Value domains
ISO 22000 Food safety management systems — Requirements for any organization in the food chain
ISO/TS 22003 Food safety management systems — Requirements for bodies providing audit and certification of food safety management systems
ISO 22241 : Diesel engines -- NOx reduction agent AUS 32 
ISO 22241-1 : Quality requirements
ISO 22241-2 : Test methods
ISO 22241-3 : Handling, transportation and storing
ISO/IEC TR 22250 Regular Language description for XML — (RELAX) 
ISO/IEC TR 22250-1:2002 RELAX Core
ISO/PAS 22399:2007 Social security - Guideline for incident preparedness and operational continuity management
ISO 22716:2007: Cosmetics.
ISO/IEC 23270:2003 C# Programming Language
ISO/IEC 23360 Linux Standard Base (LSB) core specification 3.1 (in publication as of 2005-12) 
ISO/IEC 23360-1 — Part 1: Generic specification
ISO/IEC 23360-2 — Part 2: Specification for IA32 architecture
ISO/IEC 23360-3 — Part 3: Specification for IA64 architecture
ISO/IEC 23360-4 — Part 4: Specification for AMD64 architecture
ISO/IEC 23360-5 — Part 5: Specification for PPC32 architecture
ISO/IEC 23360-6 — Part 6: Specification for PPC64 architecture
ISO/IEC 23360-7 — Part 7: Specification for S390 architecture
ISO/IEC 23360-8 — Part 8: Specification for S390X architecture
ISO 23733 Textiles -- Chenille yarns -- Test method for the determination of linear density
ISO 23950 Library standard ANSI/NISO Z39.50 — Protocol for searching and retrieving information, usually from bibliographic records
ISO/IEC 24727 Identification Cards — Integrated Circuit Card Programming Interfaces 
ISO/IEC 24727-1 — Part 1: Architecture
ISO/IEC 24727-2 — Part 2: Generic card interface
ISO/IEC 24727-3 — Part 3: Application interface
ISO/IEC 24727-4 — Part 4: API Administration
ISO/IEC CD 24727-5 — Part 5: Testing
ISO/IEC FCD 24727-6 — Part 6: Registration authority procedures for the authentication protocols for interoperability
ISO/IEC 24744:2007 Software Engineering — Metamodel for Development Methodologies
ISO/IEC 24762:2008 Information technology — Security techniques — Guidelines for information

and communications technology disaster recovery services
ISO/IEC DIS 25961 Recommended Practice for Architectural Description of Software-Intensive Systems. See IEEE 1471
ISO26000 Guideline about Social Responsibility also called ISO SR
ISO/IEC 26300 OpenDocument Format (.odf)
ISO/IEC 27000 Information Security Management System Family of Standards 
ISO/IEC 27001 Information technology — Security techniques — Information security management systems — Requirements
ISO/IEC 27002 Information technology - Security techniques - Code of practice for information security management
ISO/IEC 29119 Software Testing
ISO/IEC 29119-1 — Part 1: Concepts & Vocabulary
ISO/IEC 29119-2 — Part 2: Test Process
ISO/IEC 29119-3 — Part 3: Test Documentation
ISO/IEC 29119-4 — Part 4: Test Techniques
ISO/IEC 29300 OpenDocument
ISO/IEC 29500 Office Open XML


ISO 30000–ISO 39999
ISO 31000 — Risk Management
ISO 32000 — Portable Document Format
ISO/IEC 38500 — Corporate Governance of Information Technology

ISO 80000

ISO/IEC 80000

Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ISO_standards

Total productive maintenance

Total Productive Maintenance is a new way of looking at maintenance, or conversely, a reversion to old ways but on a mass scale. In TPM the machine operator performs much, and sometimes all, of the routine maintenance tasks themselves. This automaintenance ensures appropriate and effective efforts are expended since the machine is wholly the domain of one person or team. TPM is a critical adjunct to lean manufacturing. If machine uptime is not predictable and if process capability is not sustained, the process must keep extra stocks to buffer against this uncertainty and flow through the process will be interrupted.. One way to think of TPM is "deterioration prevention" and "maintenance reduction", not fixing machines. For this reason many people refer to TPM as "Total Productive Manufacturing" or "Total Process Management". TPM is a proactive approach that essentially aims to prevent any kind of slack before occurrence. Its motto is "zero error, zero work-related accident, and zero loss."

Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_Productive_Maintenance

Tree diagram

The term tree diagrams is used in different ways in different disciplines.
In mathematics and statistical methods, a tree diagram is used to determine the probability of getting specific results where the possibilities are nested.
In physics, a tree diagram is an acyclic connected Feynman diagram.
In linguistics, a parse tree is one way to visually represent the structure of a sentence (see X-bar theory), a syllable, or phonological feature geometry.
In biology: phylogenetics.
A game tree is a tree diagram used to find and analyze potential moves in a game.
A decision tree is used in operations research.

A HyperbolicTree: a visualization method for a graph inspired by hyperbolic geometry.

Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_diagram

Affinity diagram

The affinity diagram is a business tool used to organize ideas and data. It is one of the Seven Management and Planning Tools.

The tool is commonly used within project management and allows large numbers of ideas to be sorted into groups for review and analysis.

The affinity diagram was devised by Jiro Kawakita in the 1960s and is sometimes referred to as the KJ Method.

Process
Record each idea on cards or notes
Look for ideas that seem to be related
Sort cards into groups until all cards have been used.

Once the cards have been sorted into groups the team may sort large clusters into subgroups for easier management and analysis. Once completed, the affinity diagram may be used to create a cause and effect diagram.

Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affinity_diagram

Operation may refer to:

Scientific operation
Surgery operation
An operation or operator in mathematics (see unary operation, binary operation, arity)
In language, an operation is a word which represents a function (or instruction), rather than a term or name
In computer science, an operation is called an instruction
Military operation, a military action (usually in a military campaign) using deployed forces
Covert operation, a military or political action that is both clandestine and denied by the government undertaking the action
Sting operation, an operation designed to catch a person committing a crime, by means of deception
Business operations, manufacturing operations, operations management
Operations Support Systems used in the telecommunications industry
Operation of law, a legal term that indicates that a right or liability has been created for a part
Anomalous operation, in parapsychology, a term describing a broad category of purported paranormal effects
Musical operations such as transposition, inversion, multiplication, permutation, counterpoint

Operation (game), a battery-operated game of physical skill.

Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operations

March: Hiring Activity dips by 8%

The Naukri.com Job Index for March, 2009 recorded an eight per cent decline as against February, 2009.

Key highlights of the report:
  The overall Job Index declined by 8% from 774 in Feb '09 to 711 in
Mar '09
 
 Sectors like Finance, Oil and Gas saw a steep fall in the Index in Mar '09
 
 Hiring activity in Mumbai was at its lowest in March, 2009 since last July; other cities also saw a decline in the index. Smaller cities saw an improvement in hiring activity
 
 Banking and Insurance professionals saw a drop in hiring activity by 30% during Mar '09 as compared to Feb '09
 

Month on month, you can look forward to reliable information on the job market with Naukri JobSpeak.