Tuesday, June 9, 2015

CAIIB-BFM-CHAP 8- Risk and Basic Risk Management Framework


CHAP 8- Risk and Basic Risk Management Framework

·         'Risks' are uncertainties resulting in adverse outcome, adverse in relation to planned objective or expectations.

·         'Financial Risks' are uncertainties resulting in adverse variation of profitability or outright losses.

·         Factors that are responsible for creating uncertainties in cash outflows and cash inflows are the risk elements.

·         Minimum capital required for a business should be such that it is able to meet the maximum loss that may arise from the business to avoid bankruptcy.

·         Lower risk implies lower variability in net cash flow with lower upside and downside potential. Higher risk would imply higher upside and downside potential.

·         Zero-Risk would imply no variation in net cash flow. Return on zero-risk investment would he low as compared to other opportunities available in the market.

·         Risk in a business or investment is netted against the return from it and is called Risk Adjusted Return on investment

·         Key driver in managing a business is seeking enhancement in risk-adjusted return on capital (RAROC). Higher the RAROC, higher is the reward to investors/shareholders and more preferable such investment would be to the market.

·         Although all the risks are contracted at the transaction level, certain risks such as liquidity risk and interest rate risk are managed at the aggregate or portfolio level.

·         Risks such as credit risk, operational risk and market risk arising from individual transactions are taken cognizance of at transaction- level as well as at the portfolio-level.

·         Volatility over a time horizon 'T' = Daily Volatility x Square root of'T'

·         Downside potential is the most comprehensive measure of risk as it integrates sensitivity and volatility with the adverse effect of uncertainty

·         The value at risk (VaR) is a downside risk measure.